Mood Disorders

Having less interest in usual activities, feeling sad or hopeless, and using increasingly doubtful or pessimistic language for at least 2 weeks may indicate depression.

This is a chronic low-grade, depressed, or irritable mood that lasts for at least 2 years

This is a condition in which a person has periods of depression alternating with periods of mania or elevated mood.

Many medical illnesses (including cancer, injuries, infections, and chronic illnesses) can trigger symptoms of depression. Some symptoms of depression are due to the effects of medicine, drug abuse, alcoholism, exposure to toxins, or other forms of treatment.

Formerly known as Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD), this is a subtype of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) characterized by seasonal changes in mood and symptoms similar to MDD, typically occurring during the fall and winter months.

SAD symptoms— intense sadness, fatigue, difficulty concentrating, changes in appetite, sleep problems, and loss of interest in activities—are extremely severe, often disrupting daily life and requiring treatment. To be diagnosed, individuals must experience these symptoms seasonally for at least two consecutive years.